Fiberglass Fabric
24 ounce per square yard
60 Inches Wide
WOVEN ROVING FIBERGLASS
EXCELLENT FOR MOLD MAKING
TOOLING
REINFORCING
AND GENERAL COMPOSITE FABRICATION
Make sure to request total before paying if buying
in multiple yards
to receive our combined shipping discount.
FOLDED AND SEALED IN A PLASTIC BAG FOR LOWER SHIPPING COST
SOLD BY THE YARD OR IN CONTINUOUS LENGTH IN 1 YARD INCREMENTS
1 UNIT YARD IS 60 INCH IN WIDTH BY 3 FEET (36 INCHES) IN LENGTH
Woven Roving Fabrics are composed of direct fiberglass roving or yarns woven into a fabric in a balanced weave,
equal in warp and fill direction. The construction gives bi-directional (0° and 90°) reinforcement and the strength of continuous filaments. Woven Roving Fabrics provide the most economical solution for raising glass content of laminates and increasing laminate stiffness and impact resistance without adding thickness, weight, or other non-reinforcing materials. The fabric delivers cost effective solutions for large parts fabrication ranging from reinforcements, parts fabrication or mold making applications.
The fabric is designed to give controlled wet-out and excellent laminate properties.
PLEASE VISIT OUR HELP PAGE FOR MORE INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEOS, SLIDESHOWS AND TECHNICAL BULLETINS REGARDING THE USAGE OF OUR MAX EPOXY RESIN SYSTEMS. THIS PAGE CONTAINS NUMEROUS PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR HUNDREDS OF DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS AND LINKS TO OTHER RELATED PRODUCTS.
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PLESE VISIT OUR YouTube CHANNEL IF YOU HAVE DFFICULTIES VIEWING THE VIDEOS ON THE PAGEhttp://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=polymerproductspci&aq=fDON’T FORGET TO SUBSCRIBE AND BE ALERTED WHEN NEW INSTRUCTIONAL VIDOES ARE POSTEDFor Marine Vessel Reinforcement Use
All reinforcing spars and battens are overlaid unto the hull and impregnated with
MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY RESIN SYSTEM
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PLACE CURSOR ON THE PICTURE AND CLICK TO PAUSE OR PLAY SLIDESHOW
Vacuum Bagged Test Panel Fabrication
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Make sure to request total before paying if buying in multiple yards
to receive our combined shipping discount.
120 X Magnification
Note the absence of air bubbles or voids in between each layer
Nominal Construction Warp Count
IMPERIAL
62/ in
METRIC
Fill Count:
62/in
Fabric Thickness
22.0 mils
Yarn Breaking Strength Warp
550 lbf/in
482 daN/5cm
Yarn Breaking Strength Filling
520 lbf/in
429 daN/5cm
Epoxy Resin Compatible Finish
CHECK OUT OUR OTHER FIBERGLASS, CARBON FIBER AND KEVLAR LISTING
OR CLICK ON THE LOGO TO VISIT OR STORE
PLEASE CHECK OUT OUR HELP PAGE THAT PROVIDES EXTENSIVE COMPOSITE FABRICATING TECHNIQUES AND MUCH MORE COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION REGARDING THE PROPER USE OF EPOXY RESINS.
THIS IS A FREE SITE BUT ON THIS PAGE IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO DONATE ANY AMOUNT YOU CAN GIVE. IF YOU REQUIRE A SPECIFIC APPLICATION DEMONSTRATION, PLEASE LET US KNOW AND WE WILL DO OUR BEST TO CREATE A DEMONSTRATION VIDEO, SLIDESHOW
OR BULLETIN THAT WILL ADDRESS YOUR REQUEST
100% OF YOUR GENEROSITY WILL BE DONATED TO
TO THE AMERICAN RED CROSS
FREE VIDEOS EPOXY RESIN COATING CASTING BONDING COMPOSITE
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USE THESE MAX EPOXY RESIN SYSTEM
SUITABLE FOR THIS FABRIC
MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY FOR MARINE APPLICATIONS AND STRUCTURAL OR HIGH STRENGTH APPLICATIONS
MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY VERSION
32-Ounce Kit:
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1-Gallon Kit:
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2-Gallon Kit:
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10-Gallon Kit:
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NONE SAG OR THIXOTROPIC GRADE
64-Ounce Kit
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1-Gallon Kit:
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2-Gallon Kit:
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10-Gallon Kit:
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MEDIUM VISCOSITY GRADE
32-Ounce Kit:
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2-Gallon Kit:
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CARBON FIBER FABRIC IMPREGNATED WITH MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY
MAX GPE FOR GENERAL CONSTRUCTION LOW COST APPLICATIONS
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MAX CLR RESIN SYSTEM
For Fabricating Color Stable Parts
MAX CLR COMES IN SEVERAL OTHER VERSIONS AND KIT SIZES
MAX CLR LOW VISCOSITY
STANDARD VERSION OFFERING CRYSTAL CLARITY, LOW VISCOSITY,
LONG WORKING TIME AND IMPACT RESISTANCE
MAX CLR A/B
Standard Version
Higher Toughness, Lower Viscosity, Longer Working Time
24 OUNCE KIT COMBINED VOLUME
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96 OUNCE KIT COMBINED VOLUME
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1.5 GALLON COMBINED VOLUME
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7.5 GALLON COMBINED VOLUME
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MAX CLR A/B
FAST SETTING
30% Faster Version with minimal impact resistance color stability affects
24 OUNCE KIT COMBINED VOLUME
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1.5 GALLON COMBINED VOLUME
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MAX CLR-HP
(HIGH PERFORMANCE)
Higher Heat Resistance, Hardness, Chemical Resistance
24 OUNCE KIT COMBINED VOLUME
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96 OUNCE KIT COMBINED VOLUME
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1.5 GALLON COMBINED VOLUME
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7.5 GALLON COMBINED VOLUME
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PLACE CURSOR ON THE PICTURE AND CLICK TO PAUSE OR PLAY SLIDESHOW
PLACE CURSOR ON THE PICTURE TO PAUSE AND PLAY SLIDE SHOW
FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE OR HEAT RESISTANT EPOXY RESIN SYSTEM
MAX HTE
MAX HTE FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE APPLICATIONS
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STOCK PHOTOS
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MIXING EPOXY RESINS
PLEASE VIEW THE FOLLOWING VIDEO PRESENTATION,
ALTHOUGH THE FEATURED EPOXY RESIN SYSTEM IS DIFFERENT THAN THE
MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY, THE GENERAL TECHNIQUE AND PROPER MIXING PROCEDURE IS APPLICABLE.
USE THIS MIX TECHNIQUE TO ELIMINATE TACKY SPOTS, UNCURED SECTIONS AND POOR MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE THAT IS CAUSED BY POOR MIXING AND INCORPORATION OF THE RESIN AND CURING AGENT.
Adobe Flash Player must be installed in your computer to view the demonstration video
Click on the box if you see a blank screen and a dialog box will open and download the latest version
GENERAL MIXING PROCEDURE
The featured resin system on this video is our MAX CLR resin system but it will demonstrate
the basic technique in mixing two component resin systems and obtain the best result and insure a homogenous mix.
To add a transparent color to any of our
MAX Epoxy Resin System, use the
MAX CTE as an additive to create a transparent color concentrate.
MAX CTE
Colors and tints can be added to any of our clear
MAX EPOXY SYSTEMS
to create transparent colored castings.
Please check out our
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CREATE POLYMER COMPATIBLE DYES FOR ABSOLUTE COLOR TRANSPARENCY.
USE MAX CTE WITH ANY OF THE MAX (CLEAR) EPOXY VERSION TO MAKE COLORED TRANSPARENT CASTINGS
TO PAUSE OR PLAY THE FOLLOWING SLIDE SHOW
PLACE THE CURSOR ON THE PICTURE TO ACTIVATE VIEWING CONTROLS
Extract Any Color Using MAX CTE from Rit® Powder Dye
100% Soluble and compatible with any of MAX Epoxy Resin System
Make True Transparent Colored Epoxy Resin
Easy to Use Just Mix, Filter And Add To Any Of Our MAX Epoxy Resin
Adjust Color Saturation
Low Cost Alternative To Pigment Dispersion
Low Toxicity, No Solvents, None Flammable
Color Stable
Wide Selection Of Colors
TO ADD OPAQUE COLORS TO ANY OF OUR
MAX EPOXY RESIN SYSTEM
ADD 3% TO 5% OF OUR MAX EPOXY PIGMENT PASTE.
CLICK ON THE LINK FOR COLOR ADDITION PROCEDURES
MAX COLOR PIGMENT CONCENTRATES
MAX Blue Concentrate
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MAX Black Concentrate
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MAX White Concentrate
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MAX Yellow Concentrate
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MAX Red Concentrate
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Adobe Flash Player must be installed in your computer to view the demonstration video
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Composite Fabricating Basics
By resolute definition, a fabricated COMPOSITE material is a manufactured collection of two or more ingredients or products intentionally combined to form a new homogenous material that is defined by its performance that should uniquely greater than the sum of its individual parts. This method is also defined as SYNERGISTIC COMPOSITION.
REINFORCING FABRIC IMPREGNATING RESIN
PLUS
ENGINEERED PROCESS
EQUALS
STRUCTURAL STRENGTH COMPOSITE LAMINATE
With respect to the raw materials selection( fabric and resin), the fabricating process and the intended composite properties, these 3 aspects must be carefully considered and i
n the engineering phase of the composite.
The following are some of the basic steps and guidelines for consideration.
STEP ONE: CHOOSE THE PROPER FABRIC
TYPES OF FABRIC WEAVE STYLE AND SURFACE FINISHING
FOR RESIN TYPE COMPATIBILITY
PLAIN WEAVE
Is a very simple weave pattern and the most common style. The warp and fill yarns are interlaced over and under each other in alternating fashion. Plain weave provides good stability, porosity and the least yarn slippage for a given yarn count.
8 HARNESS SATIN WEAVE
The eight-harness satin is similar to the four-harness satin except that one filling yarn floats over seven warp yarns and under one.
This is a very pliable weave and is used for forming over curved surfaces.
4 HARNESS SATIN WEAVE
The four-harness satin weave is more pliable than the plain weave and is easier to conform to curved surfaces typical in reinforced plastics. In this weave pattern there is a three by one interfacing where a filling yarn floats over three warp yarns and under one.
2×2 TWILL WEAVE
Twill weave is more pliable than the plain weave and has better drivability while maintaining more fabric stability than a four or eight harness satin weave. The weave pattern is characterized by a diagonal rib created by one warp yarn floating over at least two filling yarns.
COMMERCIAL FIBERGLASS-FABRIC WEAVER
Finishing Cross Reference
And
Resin Type Compatibility
RESIN COMPATIBILITY
Burlington Industries
Clark Schwebel
J.P Stevens
Uniglass Industries
Epoxy, Polyester
VOLAN A
VOLAN A
VOLAN A
VOLAN A
Epoxy, Polyester
I-550
CS-550
S-550
UM-550
Phenolic, Melamine
I-588
A1100
A1100
A1100
Epoxy, Polyimide
I-589
Z6040
S-920
UM-675
Epoxy
I-399
CS-272A
S-935
UM-702
Epoxy
CS-307
UM-718
Epoxy
CS-344
UM-724
Silicone
112
112
n-pH (neutral pH)
Satin Weave Style For Contoured Parts Fabricating
These styles of fabrics are one of the easiest fabrics to use and it is ideal for laying up cowls, fuselages, ducts and other contoured surfaces with minimal distortions. The fabric is more pliable and can comply with complex contours and spherical shapes. Because of its tight weave style, satin weaves are typically used as the surface ply for heavier and courser weaves. This technique helps reduce fabric print through and requires less gel coat to create a smoother surface.
SATIN WEAVE TYPE CONFORMITY UNTO CURVED SHAPES
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Plain Weaves, Bi-axial, Unidirectional Styles For Directional High Strength Parts
Use this weave style cloth when high strength parts are desired.
It is ideal for reinforcement, mold making, aircraft and auto parts tooling, marine and other composite lightweight applications.
PLAIN WEAVE STYLE FOR HIGH STRENGTH
CLICK ON THE PICTURE TO PAUSE OR PLAY SLIDE SHOW
Please visit our ebay store for all available composite fabrics suitable for your needs.
Step Two: Choose the best epoxy resin system for the job
The principal role of the resin is to bind the fabric into a homogenous rigid substrate
called a composite laminate or FRP- FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC.
The epoxy resin used in fabricating a laminant will dictate how the
FRP will perform when load or pressure is implied on the part.
To choose the proper resin system consider the following factors
that is crucial to a laminate’s performance.
SIZE AND CONFIGURATION OF THE PART
(NUMBER OF PLIES AND CONTOURED, FLAT OR PROFILED)
CONSOLIDATING FORCE
(FREE STANDING DRY OR HAND LAY-UP, VACUUM BAG OR PLATEN PRESS CURING)
CURING CAPABILITIES
(HEAT CURED OR ROOM TEMPERATURE CURED)
LOAD PARAMETERS
(SHEARING FORCE, TORSIONAL AND DIRECTIONAL LOAD, BEAM STRENGTH)
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE
(OPERATING TEMPERATURE, AMBIENT CONDITIONS, HUMIDITY, CHEMICAL EXPOSURE, CYCLIC FORCE LOADING)
MATERIAL AND PRODUCTION COST
(BUYING IN BULK WILL ALWAYS PROVIDE THE BEST OVERALL COSTS AS WELL AS DOING IT RIGHT THE FIRST TIME)
These factors will dictate the design and the composition of the part and must be carefully considered during the design and engineering phase
of the fabrication.
OUR GENERAL RESIN SELECTION FOR COMPOSITE APPLICATIONS
MAX BOND THIXOTROPIC A/B MARINE GRADE HIGH STRENGTH ADHESIVE
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MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY A/B MARINE GRADE STRUCTURAL EPOXY RESIN
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MAX HTE A/B HIGH TEMPERATURE EPOXY RESIN SYSTEM
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MAX PCR A/B WOOD ROT REPAIR & PROTECTIVE COATING RESIN
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MAX GRE A/B GASOLINE RESISTANT EPOXY RESIN
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MAX GPE COLORED EPOXY RESIN
AVAILABLE IN WHITE, BLACK, RED YELLOW & BLUE
MAX GPE YELLOW A/B 1.5-GALLON KIT
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MAX GPE RED A/B 1.5-GALLON KIT
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MAX GPE BLUE A/B 1/5-GALLON KIT
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MAX GPE WHITE A/B 1.5 GALLON KIT
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MAX GPE BLACK A/B 1.5 GALLON KIT
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MAX GPE A/B CLEAR LOW COST GENERAL PURPOSE EPOXY RESIN
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MAX CLR CLEAR LIQUID RESIN SYSTEM**
LOW VISCOSITY VERSION EXTENDED POT LIFE AND IMPROVED FLEXIBILITY
MAX CLR LOW VISCOSITY 24 OUNCE KIT
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MAX CLR LOW VISCOSITY 96 OUNCE KIT
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MAX CLR LOW VISCOSITY 1.5 GALLON KIT
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MAX CLR LOW VISCOSITY 7.5 GALLON KIT
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MAX CLR FAST 30% FASTER SETTING VERSION
MAX CLR FAST SETTING 24 OUNCE KIT
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MAX CLR FAST SETTING 1.5 GALLON KIT
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MAX CLR-HP
HIGH PERFORMANCE VERSION WITH HIGHER HEAT RESISTANCE,TOUGHNESS AND SURFACE HARDNESS
MAX CLR-HP HIGH PERFORMANCE 24 OUNCE KIT
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MAX CLR-HP HP HIGH PERFORMANCE 96 OUNCE KIT
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MAX CLR-HP HP HIGH PERFORMANCE 1.5 GALLON KIT
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MAX CLR-HP HP HIGH PERFORMANCE 7.5 GALLON KIT
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MAX CLR TC
IMPROVED DEGASSING AND SURFACE QUALITY
MAX CLR TC FOR TOP COAT USE ONLY 96 OUNCE KIT
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** AN ALIPHATIC BASED TOP COAT REQUIRED FOR OUTDOOR AND DIRECT SUNLIGHT APPLICATION
MAX SEAL
NONE YELLOWING ALIPHATIC POLYURETHANE TOP COAT
MAX SEAL 1 QUART
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MAX SEAL 1 GALLON
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MAX GPE OPAQUE PIGMENTED EPOXY SYSTEM FOR COLORED CASTING, COATING, IMPREGNATING
MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY FOR STRUCTURAL STRENGTH APPLICATIONS
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PICTURES CONTRIBUTED BY KYLE.
ADOBE FLASH PLAYER MUST BE INSTALLED IN YOUR COMPUTER TO VIEW THE FOLLOWING SLIDE SHOWS AND VIDEOS.
MAX GPE FOR GENERAL CONSTRUCTION LOW COST APPLICATIONS
MAX CLR HP CRYSTAL CLEAR HIGH PERFORMANCE APPLICATION
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MAX HTE FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE APPLICATIONS
Specimens were cured 3 Hours at 25˚C plus 2 Hours At 155˚C
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Step Three: Proper Lay-Up Technique
Pre-lay-up notes
Lay out the fabric and precut to size and set aside
Avoid distorting the weave pattern as much as possible
For fiberglass molding, insure the mold is clean and adequate mold release is used
View our video presentation above “MAX EPOXY RESIN MIXING TECHNIQUE”
Mix the resin only when all needed materials and implements needed are ready and within reach
Mix the proper amount of resin needed and be accurate proportioning the resin and curing agent. Adding more curing agent than the recommended mix ratio will not promote a faster cure.
Over saturation or starving the fiberglass or any composite
fabric will yield poor mechanical performance.
GENERAL FIBERGLASSING RESIN SYSTEM
A 4 X 8 FEET 3/8 INCH THICK FIBERGLASS PANEL WAS FARBRICATED WITH 18 PLIES OF 24 OUNCE FIBERGLASS ROVING IMPREGNATED WITH MAX GPE RESIN SYSTEM.
THE PANEL WAS VACUUM CURED FOR 24 HOURS AT ROOMTEMPERATURE AND THEN POST CURED FOR 2 HOURS AT 200°F AND THEN TESTED USING ASTM D695 TEST PROCEDURE.
32 PERCENT AVERAGE RESIN CONTENT
NOTE THE MODE OF FAILUER OF THE COMPRESSION SPECIMENS ILLUSTRATING A CROSS AXIS FROM THE TOP AND BOTTOM PF THE SPECIMEN.
UNDER MAGNIFIED EXAMINATION, EVIDENCE OF RESIN MATIX RESIDUE WAS PRESENT ON EACH PLY OF THE FIBERGLASS, THIS MODE OF FAILURE DENOTES A COHESIVE
FAILURE OR A DIRECT SPLITTING OF THE RESIN ITSELF.
15,116 PSI MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
COMPRESSIVE TEST
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MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
POUNDS PER SQAURE INCH = LOAD APPLIED DIVIDED BY SURFACE AREA IN SQUARE INCH)
6500 POUNDS LOAD/0.430 INCH SURFACE AREA = 15,116 PSI
VIEW THE 4 FOOT BY 8 FOOT PANEL FABRICATION BY CLICKING ON THE LINK
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COMPUTING FABRIC TO RESIN RATIO BY WEIGHT
AN ACCURATE DIGITAL SCALE IS HIGHLY RECOMENDED RATHER THAN GOING BY FABRIC
DATA AND VOLUMETRIC RESIN MEASURING AND PROPORTIONING.
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WEIGH ALL FABRICS TO BE USED TO DETERMINE FABRIC TO RESIN RATIO
A good rule of thumb is to maintain a minimum of 30 to 35% resin content by weight, this is the optimum ratio used in high performance
prepreg (or pre-impregnated fabrics) typically used in aerospace and high performance structural application.
For general hand lay-ups, calculate using 60% fabric weight to 40% resin weight as a safe factor.
This will insure that the fabricated laminate will be below 40% resin content depending on the waste factor accrued during fabrication.
Place the entire precut fiberglass to be used on a scale to determine the weight ratio between the resin and fabric composition.
Typical fabric weights regardless of weave pattern
1 yard of 8 OSY fabrics at 38 inches wide weighs 224 grams
1 yard of 10 OSY fabrics at 38 inches wide weighs 280 grams
Ounces per square yard or OSY is also know as aerial weight which is the most common unit of measurement for composite fabrics.
If a scale is available, measuring by weight will insure accurate composite fabrication and repeatability, rather than using OSY data.
To determine how much resin is needed to adequately impregnate the fiberglass, use the following equation:
(Total Weight of Fabric divided by 60%)X( 40%)= weight of mixed resin needed
fw=fabric weight
rc=target resin content
rn=resin needed
(fw/60%)x(40%)=rn
FOR EXAMPLE
1 SQUARE YARD OF 8-OSY FIBERGLASS FABRICS WEIGHS 224 GRAMS
(224 grams of dry fiberglass / 60%) X 40% = 149.33 grams of resin needed
So for every square yard of 8-ounce fabric,
It will need 149.33 fluid ounces of mixed resin.
To determine how much resin is needed to adequately impregnate the fiberglass, use the following equation:
(Total Weight of Fabric divided by 60%)X( 40%)= weight of mixed resin needed
OR
fw = fabric weight
rc = target resin content
rn= resin needed
MASTER EQUATION
(fw/60%)x(40%)= rn
FOR EXAMPLE
1 SQUARE YARD OF 8-OSY FIBERGLASS FABRIC WEIGHS 224 GRAMS
(224 grams of dry fiberglass / 60%) X 40% = 149.33 grams of resin needed
So for every square yard of 8-ounce fabric,
It will need 149.33 grams of mixed resin.
Computing for resin and curing agent requirements based on
149.33 grams of resin needed
MIX RATIO OF RESIN SYSTEM IS 2:1 OR
50PHR (per hundred resin)
2 = 66.67% (2/3)
+
1= 33.33%(1/3)
=
(2+1)=3 or (66.67%+33.33%)=100% or (2/3+1/3)= 3/3
149.33 x 66.67%= 99.56 grams of Part A RESIN
149.33 x 33.33%= 49.77 grams of Part B Curing Agent
99.56 + 49.77 = 149.33 A/B MIXTURE
Common Factors Of 100% Solids (Zero volatiles and unfilled epoxy resin)
1 gallon of resin = 4239 grams (1.12 g/cc)
1 gallon = 128 fluid ounces
1 gallon of resin = 231 cubic inches
1 fluid ounce of resin = 33.17 grams
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BASIC FIBERGLASS FLAT PANEL LAY UP TECHNIQUE
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Apply the mixed resin unto the surface and
then lay the fabric and allow the resin to saturate the fabric
NOT THE OTHER WAY AROUND
This is one of the most common processing error that yields sub-standard laminates.
By laying the fiberglass unto a film of resin, less air bubbles are entrapped during the wetting-out stage.
Air is pushed up and outwards instead of forcing the resin through the fabric which will entrap air bubbles. This technique will displace air unhindered and uniformly disperse through out the fiberglass with minimal mechanical agitation or spreading.
Note the slide show presentation
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Typical Fiberglass Reinforcing Technique Unto A Wood Substrate
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For Vacuum Bagging Process
VACUUM BAGGING
INSTRUCTIONAL VIDEO
ROOM TEMPERATURE CURED MAX EPOXY RESIN
MAX BOND LOW VISCOSITY
USED FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS
TOP AND BOTTOM LAYER 9 OUNCE 4 HARNESS SATIN WEAVE
15 LAYERS CORE 24-OUNCE FIBERGLASS PLAIN WEAVE ROVING
MAX CLR-HP
FOR CARBON FIBER CRYSTAL CLEAR HIGH PERFORMANCE
SINGLE PLY 12-OUNCE 2X2 TWILL WEAVE CARBON FIBER
Given enough time and the proper selection of the fabric’s surface treatment (fabric to resin compatibility), a dry fabric will seek a state equilibrium and distribute
the applied resin and naturally release air bubbles entrapped within the laminant.
It is then very important that the proper viscosity, working time and surface treatment of the fabric must considered.
Given enough time and the proper selection of the fabric’s surface treatment (fabric to resin compatibility),
a dry fabric will seek a state of equilibrium and distribute the applied resin and naturally release air bubbles entrapped within the laminant.
It is then very important that the proper viscosity, working time and surface treatment of the fabric must considered.
There are also fabricating techniques that can be employed to yield high performance laminate.
Depending on the size of the part, processes such as high pressure pressing, vacuum bagging and vacuum assisted resin transfer molding are superior methods over hand dry lay-up.
Air voids or porosity within the laminate is typically where failure propagates when load is applied
(fracturing, compression failure, tearing, torque, tensile strength, creep).
Step Four: Proper Curing
Allow the lay-up to cure for 24 hours before handling.
Optimum cured properties can take up to 7 days depending on the ambient cure condition.
The ideal temperature cure condition of most room temperature epoxy resin is 22 to 27 degrees Celsius at 20% relative humidity.
Higher ambient curing temperatures will promote faster polymerization and development of cured mechanical properties.
Improving mechanical performance via post heat cure
A short heat post cure will further improve the mechanical performance of most epoxy resins. Allow the applied resin system to cure at room temperature until for 18 to 24 hours and if possible, expose heat cure it in an oven or other source of radiant heat (220°F to 250°F) for45 minute to an hour. You can also expose it to direct sunlight but place a dark colored cover, such as a tarp or cardboard to protect it from ultraviolet exposure.
In general room temperature cured epoxy resin has a maximum operating temperature of 250°F and 160°F or lower
if it is under stress or load.
A short heat post cure will insure that the mixed epoxy system is fully cured,
especially for room temperature cured system that can take up to 7 days to 100% cure
Some darkening or yellowing of the epoxy resin may occur if over exposed to high temperature (>250°F).
This color darkening is mostly caused by thermal oxidation process in which FREE RADICAL compounds are created via thermal energy (heat).
AMINE BLUSH
The affinity of an amine compound (curing agent) to moisture and
carbon dioxide creates a carbonate compound and forms what is called amine blush.
Amine blush is a wax-like layer that forms as most epoxies cure.
If the epoxy system is cured in extreme humidity (>70%).
It will be seen as a white and waxy layer that must be removed by
physical sanding of the surface followed by an acetone wipe.
Although we have formulated the MAX CLR, MAX BOND and MAX GPE product line to be resistant to amine-blush,
it is recommended not to mix any resin systems in high humidity conditions, greater than 70%.
Always make sure that the substrate or material the epoxy resin system is being applied to
is as dry as possible to insure the best cured performance..
LATENT CURING SYSTEMS
Latent epoxy resins are systems that are mixed together at room temperature and will begin polymerization but it will not achieve full cure unless it is exposed to a heat cure cycle.
In general, these are high performance systems that demonstrate exceptional performance under extreme conditions such as high mechanical performance under heat and cryogenics temperatures,
chemical resistance or any environment that epoxy room temperature system perform marginally or poorly.
Upon the mixing of the resin and curing agent polymerization will begin and will only achieve partial cure.
Some resins may appear cured or dry to the touch, this state is called ’B-Stage Cure’ ,but upon application of force will either
be gummy or brittle almost glass-like and will dissolve in most solvents.
The semi-cured resin must be exposed to an elevated temperature for it to continue polymerization and achieve full cure.
HEAT ACTIVATED CURING SYSTEMS
This type of epoxy system will not polymerized unless it is exposed to the activation temperature of the curing agent which can be as low as 200F and as high as 400F.
In most instances these epoxy system can be stored at room temperature and remain liquid for up to six months and longer
USE AN INFRARED HEAT LAMP FOR LARGER PARTS IF A PROCESS OVEN IS NOT AVAILABLE
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Your purchase constitutes the acceptance of this disclaimer . Please review before purchasing this product.
The user should thoroughly test any proposed use of this product and independently conclude satisfactory performance in the application. Likewise, if the manner in which this product is used requires government approval or clearance, the user must obtain said approval.The information contained herein is based on data believed to be accurate at the time of publication. Data and parameters cited have been obtain through publish information, PolymerProducts and Polymer Composites Inc. laboratories using materials under controlled conditions. Data of this type should not be used for specification for fabrication and design. It is the user’s responsibility to determine this Composites fitness for use. There is no warranty of merchantability of fitness of use, nor any other express implied warranty. The user’s exclusive remedy and the manufacturer’s liability are limited to refund of the purchase price or replacement of the product within the agreed warranty period. PolymerProducts and its direct representative will not be liable for incidental or consequential damages of any kind. Determination of the suitability of any kind of information or product for the use contemplated by the user, the manner of that use and whether er there is any infringement of patents is the sole liability of the user. |